The Old Man and The Sea Essay Example for Free

The Old Man and The Sea EssayErnest Hemingway was born on July 21, 1899 in oak tree Port, Illinois. Throughout his high school career he excelled in sports, and English class. For fun Hemingway enjoyed the outdoors, which got him into fishing and camping. When he graduated he started to work for The Kansas City champion as a junior reporter. Hemingway got his style of writing from the Kansas City Stars Style Guide for writing use ill-judged sentences, use short first paragraphs, use vigorous language, and be positive, not negative. He wrote many binds, one of them universe The Old Man and the Sea, which was in any case made into a movie.In both the book and the movie, the message being conveyed was to Never give up. They say, Life is a journey, its not where you end up but its how you got there. (www. motivationalwellbeing. com) Both the book and the movie have similarities and differences. The book was very descriptive in which you were able to imagine and picture in yo ur head what was actually going on. In the initiation of the book, while the Old Man went out to sea again he saw two porpoises, which he considered to be his friends out across the lonely sea.He said as if they were, playing and making jokes and love with each other. They are our brothers like the flying fish(Hemingway 44). Also when the bird had landed on his skiff, he told the bird that he needed to be brave, and go before the hawks come. On the other hand the movie followed very closely to the book in which it was close word for word as the book. The Old Man looked like Hemingway. Logos was sh aver in the movie by visually get to see each tone that the Old Man took on the boat. The music also helped you predict when something good or bad was going to happen.You were also able to see the male child cry, which is pathos. The messages that Hemingway was nerve-wracking to convey was perseverance, and to never give up. Hemingway has a unique way of writing. Hemingways writing s tyle included short, declarative sentences with the omission of colons, semi-colons, exclamation points, dashes or parentheses. Hemingway cherished his short sentences to build on to each other until they reached a whole storyline. Hemingway also used movie-style techniques such as cutting from one scene to the abutting quickly.His style of writing was called the Iceberg Theory, because his facts floated above water, and the supportive details or structures holding up the facts were out of sight. The Old Man has wrinkly skin, young eye the color of the sea, cuts, and scars on his hands. This helped show us how much he has been through. The scars on his hands represent that he has faced hardships, but he has always gotten through them. The new cuts on his hands show that he has not given up and he is still trying. No matter what you will always driblet down, but youre the only thing stopping yourself from getting right plunk for up and moving forward.Throughout his life, he has been presented with challenges to test his strength and endurance. The marlin with which he struggles for three days represents his greatest challenge. Relentlessly fighting off the sharks over and over again, keeping as much of the marlin that he can savage, until he gets back to land, and not letting any outside forces put him down. The Old Man dreaming about Africa and lions represents him reminiscing on his youth and purity, but is now an elderly man, getting weaker by the day. The boy, who had first gone on the Old Mans boat when he was five, has been a friend to the old man ever since.The boy would always go fishing with the Old Man, but his parents told their son he was no longer on his boat because he had the worst bad quite a little and he had not caught a fish in over 80 days. It is as if the boy and the Old Man have switched places by the boy being the caretaker for the Old Man, the father figure, and the Old Man being the one who is cared for. Joe DiMaggio also played a role in the storyline even though you never saw him he was the Old Mans hero. The Old Man worships him as a model of strength and commitment, and his thoughts turn toward DiMaggio whenever he needs to reassure himself of his own strength.Hemingways unique style of writing allows readers to easily visualize the plot, as if it was a movie. This is done through short sentences that build on one another. This also allows his books, such as The Old Man and the Sea, to be created into movies that are easily comparable. His use of metaphors and descriptive writing make this possible. Through the use of logos and pathos, Hemingway successfully conveyed the message of perseverance. Over and over again the Old Man was tried, but he never gave up.

Grapes of Wrath Essay Example for Free

Grapes of rage EssayIn Grapes of Wrath, John Steinbeck wrote ab divulge the Joads and their forced migration from Oklahoma to California. They were forced to leave their simple farming life because of the ample economic crisis. Through the struggles of the members and friends of the Joads, Steinbeck was able to portray an undesirable, yet accurate picture of America in the early twentieth century. Thus, this story is considered as unrivalled of the most respectable social novels in human history. and, Steinbeck did not just describe the sphere where he lived. In the later part of the novel, Steinbeck crafted a political message that is mean to motley the present and unacceptable state of America. In Nobody Knows My Name, James Baldwin wrote a series of essays about the experiences, thoughts, and struggles of an African-American deep in the heart of Europe. The allurement of essays appears to be a rite of passage for Baldwin who did not want to be labeled as a Negro writ er, alone simply an American writer.But, by means of the series of essays, Baldwin wove together his own political message, which wanted to radically shift the point of view of society about what America is all about. In two pieces of literature, it can be found that the written works of art atomic number 18 not just mere expressions of the authors creativity. This is because a simple creative expression is wandering and aimless. The written art is similar to a powerful sword that can be wielded to effect political and social changes, but this figurative sword obeys the authors private views that are derived from their individualized experiences.Despite the personal basis of the authors opinions, the political nature of the written art is needed in societies that are thrown in the center of division and involution because the political nature of written art serves as a guiding beacon of light, both for the ordinary citizens and for the political leaders. Steinbecks Grapes o f Wrath has many interpretations that originate from varying perspectives, such as religious, economic, social, political, and personal.The same could be said of Baldwins Nobody Knows My Name. Different and numerous interpretations of literary works are acceptable because that is the nature of all literary works and the authors could not be confronted and asked to choose which interpretation is the most accurate. It is probable that Steinbeck purposely wove a novel that is a mosaic of several messages. And it is also probable that Baldwin delved into different issues and each essay in the said collection might be about more than one perspective.But, in comparing the novel and the essay collection, the two perspectives that will be analyzed are the similar personal and the political beliefs of the authors about the American society. some(prenominal) Steinbeck and Baldwin see a divided American society. In Steinbecks novel, the division is between the rich and the poor. This division is felt sharply in the Great Depression when the rich and powerful preyed on the desperation of the poor muckle. The reputed rich grape vineyards in California became attractive to the Joads and other poor race who are harm the pangs of hunger due to the poor harvest.The house was dead, and the fields were dead (Steinbeck, 135). The family chose to uproot themselves and went to California. But, the vineyards did not deliver the promise of providing enough food security for the people. Instead, the Joads toiled hard, day and night, but remained poor, oppressed, and discriminated. In Baldwins essay, the division is between the Blacks and the White. The Civil War has ended but the discrimination against the Black Americans remained.Many Americans gave lip service to the thought of compare and assimilation, but it is far more difficult to remove the generations-old dogma of Blacks being an inferior race. Hoping to achieve the desired state of equality, the Blacks fought by excelli ng in the fields of sports, music, and literature. But this was not enough. Instead, the Blacks continued to endure discrimination. The nature of the division that was exposit by Steinbeck may not be exactly the same as the division described by Baldwin. But the division and the conflict are strongly felt.And because of the presence of the conflict, America is not united. Unfortunately, there are more conflicts that exist other than the conflict between people of different races and people who come from different socio-economic status. There are conflicts based on gender, education, and sexual orientation. The tensions of American life, as well as the possibilities, are tremendous (Baldwin, 11). But what could be the long-term implications of having a divided country? Both Steinbeck and Baldwin predicted that the present divisions in America would lead to overwhelming displeasure that might destroy society.In Steinbecks novel, the poor finds that many of their opportunities are ke pt extraneous from them or wasted away by the rich and powerful. The people come with nets to fish for potatoes in the river, and the guards hold them back in the eyes of the hungry there is a growing wrath (Steinbeck, 477). It is suggested that the travels of Steinbeck revealed to him the desolate state of his country and the increasing resentment of the poor. In Baldwins essay Fifth Avenue, Uptown a Letter from Harlem, he described the rotting and festering social perspective of Harlem, the corner of the world where he grew up.Baldwin drew upon his experiences and observations when he was still living in Harlem to create this essay that depicts the oppression that the Whites wielded through the police. The policemen represent the force of the snow-clad world the black man corralled up here, in his place (Baldwin, 57). The Blacks have began to realize that they were being discriminated and that the basic right to human dignity was been taken away from them through the egotism ish and callous way that the Whites treated them in the past decades.But, instead of being apologetic, the Whites, being the majority, demanded assimilation. It would be inevitable that the Blacks would feel resentment. And with resentment, there would be a burgeoning anger. Steinbeck and Baldwin are personally aware of the negative effects of the existing conflicts in their societies. They knew that anger would be fermented. There is a limit to the patience of the people who are being oppressed. What then should Americans do with the existing conflicts in their country?Both Steinbeck and Baldwin personally believed that there must be a radical political change in the country, but for any radical change to happen, there should also be a radical change within each somebody American. In Steinbecks novel, there were many characters that underwent changes throughout the story. However, the character that underwent the most radical change was Rose of Sharon, who, after suffering from the loss of her own child, has concord to nurse an old man. Then she lay down beside him. He shook his head slowly from side to side.Rose of Sharon loosened one side of the covering fire and bared her breast (Steinbeck, 619). This last scene in Steinbecks novel often elicits a boisterous reaction from readers. But, upon reflection, it was the most humane act of all. The violent reaction occurred simply because many readers are trapped within the bounds of societys conventions. Without these conventions, the readers will be rid of preconceptions that prevent them from reaching out to other people. Without preconceptions, the division between the poor and the rich would eventually disappear.In Baldwins essays, the personal change that he wanted to obtain is to prevent the self from following the tides of anger that will sweep and destroy the country. Thus, instead of wearing the easy cloak called Negro writer, he chose to create a new one, the American writer. He found that the Americ an writers of his time lack the sense of purpose that a literary artist should have. This is because the American writer, similar to the many readers of Steinbeck, is trapped by conventions of society.Baldwin believes that unless the American writer is released from the habit of flexing his muscles and proving that he is just a regular guy that he realizes how crippling this habit has been (Baldwin, 6). If all Americans will remove the concept of race from their minds, they will find that there is no Negro problem after all. The concept of effecting an individual change prior to achieving a wider social change evolved primarily from the personal experiences of the authors and from their observations.These were distilled to create the plot of the novel and the subject of the essays. As influential authors, were Steinbeck and Baldwin ethically appropriate in creating literary works that came from their personal experiences and personal political beliefs? The answer is an affirmative. The literary artist must take his own personal history, distill truth from his experiences, and use his insights responsibly by sending a political and social message to the rest of the world.

Management Accounting Case Study

Management Accounting Case StudyINTRODUCTIONThis is a report of counseling bill will focus more on embody and budget. According to reports, the issue of cost method, information analysis, computation, theory and applications of gold companies that spate help readers may collapse believe understanding of this topic. The problem in making the cost of the largest organizations will overly be mentioned in the report.Moreover, there are many examples of information expected be for the next year and analyze the information that can make the reader practical experience in accounting environment.I. Identify and classify the different types of cost incurred in Wine Company1. Cost classificationThe cost classification is divided into three categories called cost classification for stock valuation and profit measurement, cost classification for decision making and classification for the control. According Vang Company, they have adopted the classification of expenses for stock valuation and profit measurement that can help them make the kind of cost-effective and also predict risk or revenue for their future. There have be that are present in all organizations can help accountants can easily calculate the cost of an organization. Accordingly, the cost will be divided into rate material be, restrain compass costs and direct costs for each corresponding indirect. Moreover, the cost also refers to a number of other costs such as administration overhead, high on S D, return costs and time costs. ( Case Study )1.1 Direct costsDirect costs means costs that are directly attributable to production of a product or service provider. A direct costs include direct material costs, direct labor costs and other direct costs ( financial accounting and management financial statements, p6, 2010 ) .The first is the direct material costs. Direct material costs are the direct costs of materials utilize to make and sell products or provide services ( financial accounting and ma nagement financial statements, p7, 2010 ). At Vang Company, because this is a confederation specializing in producing custom t-shirts for merged events, family and group, they should have sufficient material to produce t-shirts as fabric, sewing. So to have the documents, the high society needs to pay for the provider.Next is the direct labor costs. Direct labor costs are the specific costs of employees or workers directly used in the production of goods and services ( Ukessays, 2014 ). Direct labor costs include salaries, pay, allowances and deductions from wages as social insurance, health insurance. According to the law of Vietnam, workers minimum wage is 1,150,000 VND / month. At Vang Company, has 25 employees, including 21 in production and 4 in management and sales ( Vang Company Case Study, 2014 ). So Vang Company must pay their employees at least 1,150,000 VND / month and can pay more depending on the art level ( Wikipedia, 2013 ) .Direct expenses are part of the direct costs that are spent in making a product or providing a occurrence service, or run a department ( financial accounting and management financial statements, p7, 2010 ). To ensure the quality of T shirts, Vang Company using electric sewing machine to sew and hand silk screen printed. Using the device s power costs incurred to produce T -shirts ( case studies vang Company, 2014 ). They are tools to be purchased or leased by Vang Corporation to make T -shirts .1.2 Indirect costs Indirect costs or overhead costs include indirect costs that material, indirect salary costs, indirect costs, administration costs, S D costs .Indirect materials associate to products, but not derived from the finished product. That the documents without material used as direct but it also helps to finished product. For example A number of indirect materials in their wine companies are sewing machines, chemicals for cleaning cloth or machine, scissors, gloves protect workers when they work or some tools th at can help to determine product .Indirect salary costs for wages that but it is not related to the production serve well and to not participate in the product. For example Vang Company also need to pay for the management, monitoring and help them search activities and enterprises but they do not work on the product line. The security and cleaner for Vang attach to also not working on product activity so that Vang telephoner also have indirect wages for them.Indirect costs which are not charged directly to production ( management accounting and financial statements, 2010). Vang companies also pay insurance for employees, their production and also pay rent for the old buildings that they rent for offices and factories .The administration costs that the costs related to the management and operation of the company ( SmallBusiness, 2014 ). For example, Vang Company will pay the wages office concluded wages of secretaries, accountants and also they have to pay rent, rates, insurance, light, sanitation, telephone, portal, bank charges, legal costs .The S D costs, including marketing materials, advertising, packaging, salary and commission sales rung, rent, rate, insurance, cost of product deliveryVang company. They also change the quality and packaging of individual products are wrapped in recycled brown paper bag1.3 Fixed cost, step cost, variable cost and semi-variable costsFixed cost is a cost which remains constant within a certain level of output or sales is unaffected by changes in the level of activity (Finance management accounting and financial reporting, p11, 2010). augur 1 Graph of fixed cost (Google, no date)In Vang Company, the fixed cost could be salary of employees, the rent of factory building and equipment. However, in Vang company case study, fixed factory cost changed from 2006 to 2008. It increased from 20,000$ to 30,000$ in 3 years. This proves that the economy is not stable.Step cost is fixed cost when paying company but costs have risen because of the increase of production volume or something it might be reduced because of reduced production volumes. The cost travel can occur due to the companys expansion. For example For Vang company if they received more T-shirt from customers that they will make more t-shirts, and they need to have more staff will make them increase the cost or they need to hire to plant because the increase of the laborers.Variable cost is a cost of labor or material change with activity level (Rosemary Peavler, 2014). In Vang Company, variable costs include raw materials, packaging, and labor directly involved in the production process of the company. Variable cost plants raised from $ 70,000 to $ 120,000 in 3 years from 2006 to 2008 (Case Vang Company, 2014). record 3 Graph of variable cost (Google, no date)Semi-variable cost are the costs that contain fixed cost and variable cost components. For example Vang company also need to pay salary (fixed cost) and commission (variable cost) for s alesperson and its a semi-variable cost.Figure 5 Semi-variable cost (google)

Trauma Radiography And Procedure

harm Radiography And ProcedureTrauma radiography can be an exciting and challenging environment for the radiographer. except the performing scathe procedure can be intimidating and stressful. The difference depends on how prep ard the radiographer is to handle the situation. To reduce the stress associated with trauma radiography, the radiographer must(prenominal) be properly prepared for multitude of responsibilities encountered in the need brake manner (ER).Trauma is defined as a sudden, unexpected, dramatic, forceful, or violent event. Trauma ranks as the pencil lead ca routine of death. The term trauma center signifies a specific level of a emergency medical care as defined by the American College of Surgeons Commission on Trauma.Specialized equipment in trauma.Time is a critical element in the care of a trauma uncomplaining. To minimize the time need to acquire diagnostic x-ray images, many emergency dwell rescue dedicated radiographic equipment located in the depar tment or warmly beside to the department. Specialized trauma radiographic systems are available and are designed to provide greater greater flexibility in x-ray tube IR maneuverability. These specialized systems help to minimize the movement of the injured patient while performing tomography procedure.Mobile radiography is widely enforced in the emergency room. Many patients will aim injuries that prohibit transfer to a radiographic table, or their condition whitethorn be too critical to interrupt treatment. Trauma radiographers must be competent in performing mobile radiography on almost any part of the physical structure and be able to utilize accessory devices like a grids, air-gap technique. Its needed to produce quality mobile images.Positioning aids are necessity in trauma radiography. Sponges, sandbags, and the creative use of tape are often the trauma radiographers most useful tools. Most trauma patients are unable to hold the required positions as a result of pain or impaired consciousness. Other patients cannot moved into the proper position because to do so would exacerbate their trauma.Expo certain(a) factors in trauma forbearing motion is always a consideration in trauma radiography. The shortest possible exposures time that can be set should be used in every(prenominal) procedure., except when a breathing technique is desired. Unconscious patients are not able to suspend respiration for the exposure. Conscious patients are often in positive pain and unable to cooperate for the procedure.Radiographic exposure factors compensation may be required when a making exposures by immobilization devices, like a paster board or backboard. Most trauma patient arrive at the hospital with some type of immobilization devices. Pathologic changes should excessively be considered when setting technical factors. For instance, internal bleeding in the abdominal cavity would absorb a greater amount of ray than a bowel obstruction.Types on trauma injuries .The some types of trauma injuries is head injuries, spinal injuries, government agency injuries, achievement fractures, wounds, burns and also postsurgical complications wound dehiscence.The head injuries is the patients who have to received a light speed to the head may have sustained serious injury, even when there are external signs of trauma. Damage may occur with or without a skull fracture. If have bleeding or swelling occurs inside the skull, a rise in intracranial imperativeness(ICP) may cause seizures, outrage of consciousness, or respiratory arrest. incidentally, similar symptoms may also occurs in patients with increased ICP due to brain tumors.The patients with spinal injuries, every trauma patient should be considered to have a potential spinal injury and should be evaluated by the ED physician before being moved. even slight movement of a spinal fracture may cause pressure on the spinal cord, resulting in paralysis or death. for this reasons, exposures should be m ade without go the patient whenever possible. when a change of position is required, as for a lateral lumbar radiograph, use a log rolling approach, which keeps the body in one plane. this two-person procedure avoids twisting or bending the spine. patients with possible cervical spine fractures are immobilized with cervical collars and other radiolucent devices.About the patient with the chest injuries is the motor vehicle accidents and falls are two of the most common causes of chest injuries seen in the mental imagery department. Deaths due to crushing or penetrating wounds of the thorax comprise a significant number of the trauma deaths each year. Fractures ribs are awing and can be life threatening if along or blood vessel in punctured.Extremity fractures is a trauma involving the long bones of the body may classify in two categories, first is compound fractures, in which the splintered ends of bone are forced through the skin, and then the second is closed fractures. cong lomerate fractures are usually partially reduced and dressing applied before radiographic examination. Some common types of fractures are greenstick, spiral, overriding, comminuted, transverse, compression, depressed(skull), and avulsion. Fractures may also be classified according to the nature of the injury. there are many ways of temporarily immobilizing extremity fractures. the two legs may be fastened together for stableness during transportation, or a stiff object, such as a board or rolled-up magazine, may serve as a splint. When want to position the patients with fractured extremity that is not supported by a splint, fight down gentle traction while supporting and moving the arm or leg.The wounds in the type or trauma is patients with open wounds have usually been treated before you see them in radiology suite. Bleeding has been controlled, and dressings have been applied. the radiographer primary responsibility regarding open wounds is to maintain the dressings and the repo rt vigorously any significant amount of fresh bleeding. This is usually considered to be the amount of b responsibility red blood sufficient to soak through a fresh dressing. if a laceration or incision opens, causing severe hemorrhaging, apply direct pressure to the side of bleeding while summoning immediate assistance.While burns in type of trauma is, burn patients may also have traumatic injuries such as fractures. Burns are oftentimes associated with respiratory complications. Inhalation of hot gases may result in pleural effusion or the development of pneumonia, which must be monitored radiographically. Burns may be categorized by cause of injury, percentage of body surface involved, and depth of tissue destruction. The depth of burns is classified as first, second or third degree. When a burn patient needs a radiograph, coordinate your examination with the nursing staff to ensure that the patient has had pain medication about 30 minute before the procedure.Postsurgical compl ications(wound dehiscence) is the patient who had a major surgery may require radiographic examination. Wound dehiscence occurs when a suture line parts and the underlying tissues or organs protrude through the opening. While this rare, it may happen, particularly in obese patients who had extensive abdominal surgery. It is possible for evisceration its means loss of organs from a body cavity, it to result when extensive suture lines spread apart or split.Positioning of the patient traumaThe primary challenge of the trauma radiographer is to obtain a high quality, diagnostic image on the first attempt when the patient is unable to move into the desired position. To minimize risk of aggravate the patients condition, the x-ray tube and IR should be positioned, rather than the patient or the part. For examples, position the stretcher adjacent to the vertical Bucky or upright table as often as the patients condition allows. To increases the efficiency, while minimizing patient movemen t, is to take all of the AP projections of the requested examinations, moving superiorly to inferiorly. Then perform all of the lateral projections of the requested examinations, moving inferiorly to superiorly. This method moves the x-ray tube in the most expeditious manner.Radiographers Role as Part of the Trauma TeamThe role of the radiographer within the emergency rooms ultimately depends on the department protocol and staffing, as well as the extent of emergency care provided at the facility. Regardless of the size of the facility, the primary responsibilities of a radiographer in an emergency situation include the following , the first is perform quality diagnostic imaging procedures as requested. Then to practice ethical radiation protection , and also provide competent care. It is impossible to rank these responsibilities because they occurs simultaneously, and all are vital to quality care in the emergency rooms.Diagnostic imaging proceduresproducing a high quality, diagnos tic image is one of the more obvious roles of any radiographer. A radiographer in the trauma environment has the added responsibility to perform that job efficiently. Efficiency and productivity are commo0n and practical goals for the radiology department. In the emergency room, efficiency is often crucial to saving the patients life. Diagnostic imaging in the emergency room is paramount to an accurate, timely and often life saving diagnosis.Radiation protection.One of the most essential duties and ethical responsibilities of the trauma radiographer is radiation protection of the patient, the members of the trauma team, and self. In highly critical care situations, members of the trauma team cannot leave the patient while imaging procedure are being performed. The trauma radiographer must ensure the others team members are protected from unnecessary radiation exposures. Common practices should minimally included the following close the collimation to the anatomy of interest to redu ce scatter, gonadal shielding for the patients of child bearing age, lead aprons for all personnel that remain in the room, during the procedure, exposure factors that minimize patient dose and scattered radiation and also announcement of impending exposure to allow unnecessary personnel to exit the room.Patient CareAs with all imaging procedures, trauma procedures required a patient history. the patient may provide this, if he or she is conscious, or the attending physician may inform you of the injury and the patients status. if the patient is conscious, explain what you are doing in detain in terms the patient can understand. listen to the patient rate and manner of speech, which may provide insight into his or her amiable or emotional status. Make eye contact with the patient to provide comfort and reassurance. Keep in mind that a trip to the emergency room is an emotionally stressful event, regardless of the severity of the injuries illness.Radiographers are often responsible for the total care of the trauma patient while performing diagnostic imaging procedures. Therefore it is critical that radiographers constantly assess the patient condition, recognize any signs of decline or distress, and report any change in the status of the patient condition to the attending physician. The trauma radiographer must be well versed in taking vital signs and knowing normal ranges, competent in cardiorespiratory resuscitation (CPR), administration of oxygen, and dealing with all types of medical emergencies. the radiographer must be prepared to perform these procedures when covered by a standing physicians order or as departmental policy allows. Additionally, the radiographer should be familiar with the location and contests of the adult and pediatric crash carts, and understand hoe to use the suctioning devices.Patient PreparationIt is important to repute that the patient has endured an emotionally disturbing and distressing event in addition to the physical injuri es he or she may have sustained. If the patient conscious, speak calmly and look directly in the patient eyes while explaining that procedures that have been ordered. Do not assume that the patient cannot hear you even if he or she cannot or will not respond.Check the patient thoroughly for items that might cause an artifact on the images. Explain what are you removing from the patient and why. Be sure to place all removed personal effects, especially valuables, in the proper container uses by the facility example like a plastic bags, or in the designated secure area. every facility has a procedure regarding proper storage of a patients personal belongings. Be sure to know the procedure and follow it carefully.immobilization DeviceA wide variety of immobilization devices are uses to stabilize injured patients. Standard protocol is to perform radiographic images without removing immobilization devices. Once injuries have been diagnosed or rules out, the attending physician gives the order for immobilization to be removed, changed, or continued. Many procedures necessitate the use of some sort of immobilization to prevent in voluntary and voluntary motion. Prudent use of such is discussed in many patient care textbooks. The key issue in the use of immobilization in trauma is not to exacerbate the patient injury nor increase his or her discomfort.Image EvaluationIdeally, trauma radiographs should be of optimum quality to ensure prompt and accurate diagnosis of the patients injuries. Evaluate images for proper positioning and technique as indicated in the routine projections. Allowance can be made when true right angle projections (AP/PA and also lateral) must be altered as a result of patient condition.

Sony Company Limited

Sony attach to curbBusiness Environment Analysis1.0 IntroductionSony Company Limited is a manufacturer and distributer of digital cameras and another(prenominal) electronic devices in the region. The company has been established in 2005 by its owner The primary competitive advantages of Sony is its OEM capability, broad experienced in its query and development department, reliability, large product line and good reputation. The brand name of the company is known as ECA and it is currently exported in major(ip)(ip) countries like out-of-pocket north America, Mid-East/Africa, Asia, Central/South America, and Western Europe.Sony Company Limited is an ODM and OEM manufacturer to produce different ranges of electronic devices like digital cameras, MP4 and mp3 player, lively ph atomic number 53, GPS car navigator and digital camc ordain. The main objective of this company is to provide quality products and services to the global market.2.0 Strategic AnalysisThe description of the manufacture above suggests its peculiarity in the Malaysia setting. However, a more detailed analytic thinking is necessary in order to secure the real strengths and possible problems that surround the intentness. For this purpose, various tools ordain be put ond to give way the electronic industry of Malaysia.2.1 PESTLEPESTLE analysis is in effect an audit of an arrangements environmental influences with the purpose of using this in strivingation to guide strategical decision-making. The assurance is that if the scheme is cap adequate to audit its current environment and assess potential changes, it willing be better placed than its competitors to respond to changes.To help make decisions and to political platform for future events, plaques need to understand the wider meso- sparing and macro-economic environments in which they operate. (The meso-economic environment is the one in which we operate and have limited influence or extend to, the macro-environment take ons all factors that influence an organization but be out of its direct control).An organization on its own fag endnot imply these factors, nor can these factors directly affect the bring inability of an organization. exclusively by arrangement these environments, it is possible to take the advantage to maximize the opportunities and minimize the threats to the organization. Conducting a strategic analysis entails scanning these economic environments to detect and understand the broad, long term efforts.A PESTLE analysis is a useful tool for understanding the big picture of the environment in which an organization is operating. Specifically a PESTLE analysis is a useful tool for understanding risks associated with market (the need for a product or service) growth or decline, and as such the position, potential and thrill for an individual business concern or organization.A PESTLE analysis is often used as a generic wine orientation tool, finding out where an organization or product is in the context of what is happening outside that will at some point affect what is happening inside an organization. The six elements form a framework for reviewing a situation, and can also be used to review a strategy or position, direction of a company, a merchandising proposition, or idea.2.1.1 PoliticalThe political aspect of the bena has less impact to its business sector, or more specifically, to the electronics industry. The Basic Law of the country truly protects it from major transitions in law in spite of its transfer to Thailand. Through this basic law, the way of life as well as the capitalist system of the country will remain the same for fifty years since the transfer. Thus, political factors have minimal effectuate on the electronics industry. The production, export and import of materials for digital cameras will not be affected for the near ten years due to this political agreement. Hence, the production facilities for digital products situated in Thailand will not be force to relocate back to Malaysia due to regulative measures. Hence, Malaysia enterprises in the industry can continue to benefit from low cost production in Thailand.2.1.2 EconomicThe parsimony of Malaysia is full(prenominal)lighted by the status of its planetary trade. The country is one of the leading trading nations worldwide hence, it is one of the important aspects of the countrys economy. Malaysia market has been favor adequate to(p) to trade and has been efficient in balancing its exports and imports. The significance of trade in the country suggests the sizeableness of its other related fields such as the electronics industry. This has been evidenced by the high percentage of digitalized products to individual company sales and overall economic development.The important role of the electronics industry in Malaysia suggests that there atomic number 18 several similar businesses that exist in the country. Due to high levels of emulation, the companies operating in this industry argon placed under much stress of offering the very best. This also implies the significance of strategic management among these companies not only to contribute to the economy, but nigh importantly to maintain strong business foundation as well as chip controversy.Assuming that the prosperity of the economy in Malaysia improves for the next ten years, the electronics/AV equipment industry will then continue to improve and acquire various developments. But then of course, economic status is among the most unpredictable aspects of a country hence, the industry must be prep bed for future challenges that may arise. These future challenges include economic crisis, damage fluctuations and problems on international trade.2.1.3 SocialThe societal and cultural background of the country is mainly influenced by the Eastern and Western influences. This perhaps, is partly due to the status of the country as a major center for business and trade. Althoug h the country is greatly influenced by a number of different cultures, the country salve has its old features intact. While keeping old traditions and cultural practices, the country is also open to changes brought about by international influences. This in turn makes the nations culture rich and varied. The prosperity of Malaysias economy is significantly reflected in its citizens lifestyle. Comp bed to other Asian countries, the people in Malaysia are among those who live with the highest standards. This implies that the people of Malaysia have access to some of the finer things in life, including engineering.2.1.4 TechnologicalMalaysia is a melting pot of both Western and Eastern backgrounds. The Western and Eastern influences that make up the countrys socio-cultural background play a significant role to its current technological status. Considering that Malaysia has direct access to technological developments from different countries worldwide, these can be adapted in the count ry quite easily. Moreover, the high standards of living among the countrys citizens imply the ability of the people to support technology as well as their ability to apply or implement them. The exposure to technology of both local and international market makes digital products, like camera, a marketable product.2.1.5 LegalLocally, the political aspect mentioned previously does not seem to affect the electronic industry in Malaysia. In international trade, the laws on open trade and acquit port allow the industry to exports its digital products to foreign markets. though the Malaysian industry can distribute its digital products freely abroad, the openness of trade as well as the globalization aspect further worsens the competition among similar companies under the same industry. If competition will affect businesses in the industry, it is likely for other nations to implement legislations that will control the entry of imported products. This will greatly affect the status of the Malaysia industry if this will occur.2.1.6 EnvironmentalOne of the major issues under the environmental aspect that directly affects the industry is probably its reparation of production building and facilities in Thailand. The cost of labor and land in Thailand, particularly in the province of Bangkok, is significantly cheaper than in Malaysia. Thus, it is more practical to give birth the core activities of the electronics industry in Thailand. However, products produced by the AV industry require skills among its work force. Thus, cheaper labor cost may no longer be possible as companies would have to pay larger salaries for skilled and highly educated employees. Moreover, a number of manufacturing companies are also relocating to Thailand, thus land costs hunt down to be higher as compared before.3.0 Competitors AnalysisThe production of digitalized products falls under the electronics company, specifically under the audio-visual equipment category. In Malaysia, the competiti on in electronics industry is considered as one of the most vigorous and tough. The manufacturing companies of digital cameras and other electronic devices in Malaysia are do up of SMEs or small and medium sized enterprises. The production facilities hitherto of most companies are located in mainland Thailand. Thus, offices in Malaysia concentrate more on product development, quality assurance and trade. One of the competitors of Sony Company Limited in Malaysia market is the Canon industry and other industries that offer digital cameras and electronic products all over the world such as JVC, Panasonic and others.According to the NSTP (2007), digitalization trends coat the way for the industrys significant development which makes it digital camera and electronic industry more competent. In addition, the company has umpteen rivals since there are many other competitors which provide a wide range of digital and electronic devices to meet the increasing demands of these products. Players have increased considerably. This business trend led to the increased profit derived from high sales of digital products, suggesting the strong chances of achiever in the industry. Moreover, profits from exported digitalized products are high in Hong Kong as well. This then implies that international market strongly supports the industry.4.0 Porters 5 Forces ModelMichael Porter (Harvard, Competitive Strategy 1980) developed the so called 5 Five Forces Analysis model to better identify factors that shape the consultation of competition, to assess the structural attractiveness and business value of any industry and to pinpoint strengths and weaknesses in a company.In addition to and in combination with the drum analysis, the Five Forces model by Michael Porter provides another analysis tool to identify opportunities and risks when entering untapped territory in any industry or market.Porters Five Forces model, other than a SWOT analysis, provides clear action and thus does not rely solely on subjective judgment. If the actions that derived from the Five Forces model are synchronized with business requirements and goals it can become a substantial business driver in the competitive environment.Porters Five Forces Model is used for analysis of an industry or pure competition in spite of appearance a market. It is likely the best model to be used in decisions of entry or change within a market, and should always be considered during the business conceptionning stage in a company life cycle.The Porters Five Forces model proposes that an industry is influenced by vanadium forces. An executive can use the model to understand the industry competitive landscape, to determine how and where the firm should operate. The model is also used to analyze the attractiveness of an industry structure.Porters Five Forces Model is also known as Porters Competitive Forces model, probably one of the most often used business strategy tools. It has proven its public-serv ice corporation on numerous occasions. Porters model is particularly strong in thinking in a competitive mindset from external forces to inside the company.4.1 MethodologyThe strength of each of the five forces affecting competition in the chosen industry is to be assessed. The companys position compared to the underlying causes of each force is also assessed. A plan of action is devised that may includes of positioning the organization to provide the best defense against competitive forces, influencing the balance of the forces through strategic moves and other pro-active measures and anticipating shifts in the forces and positioning the organization and its goals and actions accordingly.Exhibit 4.1 Michael Porters Five Forces ModelSources fromSupplier Risk Management and the Automotive Supply ChainFrom the Exhibit 4.1, Porter explains that there are five forces that determine industry attractiveness and long-run industry profitability. These five competitive forces includes the t hreat of entry of new-fashioned competitors (new entrants), the threat of substitutes, the bargaining power of acquireers, the bargaining power of suppliers and the breaker point of rivalry between existing competitors.While the Porters Five Forces model in regards to decision making, is to collect, analyze and present data for the decision maker, Porter identifies three generic strategies to address industry rivalry. Strategies can be formed on three levels such as corporate, business unit and functional or department level. The Strategies are cost leadership, differentiation and competitive advantage. The best decision will position the firm to leverage strengths and defend against adverse effects of the five forces.4.1.1 Competitive affright of New EntryThe percentage contribution of the industry to the Malaysian economy suggests the huge number of businesses manufacturing digital products. This then suggests that barriers of entry for new business entrants are low. New busin ess could easily operate locally moreover, the Malaysian industry offers multiple product lines under different brand names. Hence, competition is rather strict. Moreover, most of the business in the electronics industry is considered SMEs, implying that the levels of small businesses or new entrants are high. With the high availability of digital production facilities, new entrants could easily start manufacturing and marketing digital products.4.1.2 Competition from Substitute ProductsWith the rise of technology, alternative options for gadget and similar products are very much available. Digital cameras and other products are no exception. At present, cellular phones are manufactured with camera features, allowing consumers to use the phone not only for calling or sending text messages, but also in capturing and storing images. Other video camcorders have camera features as well thus, some consumers would prefer to but an item where all features are already integrated. Web camera s are also alternative products for digital cameras. In addition, some of these alternative products are less expensive and more practical as compared to buying a digital camera alone.4.1.3 Bargaining Power of CustomersBuyers are the people or organizations who create demand in an industry. Buyers are also the people who compete with the supplying industry by bargaining down prices and forces higher quality. Customers have access to multiple alternatives for AV equipment and products, thus, the customers have greater control over which item to purchase. The high battle within the industry allowed consumers to have access to a number of options, from brands to types and prices of products.Thus, consumers have a high bargaining power over the electronics industry. In this case, the smaller enterprises are greatly affected. Although consumers have different purchasing behaviors, in most cases brand names greatly influences the preferences of buyers. If there will be other options, cons umers is likely to buy known brands even if they will have to pay extra. Additionally, online shopping through this company website has also increased the bargaining power of buyers and buyers are more price sensitive and demand for high quality.4.1.4 Bargaining Power of SuppliersSuppliers are the businesses that supply materials other products into the industry. The cost of items bought from suppliers (e.g. raw materials, components) can have a significant impact on a companys profitability. If suppliers have high bargaining power over a company, then in theory the companys industry is less attractive. For this electronic industry, suppliers actually exert power in the industry by threatening to rise in prices or to reduce its quality and furthermore powerful suppliers can bid industry profitability if the company is unable to recover the cost increases. In the case of the Malaysian electronics industry, the bargaining power of the suppliers is high. Most of the materials used fo r producing AV equipment are imported from suppliers, thus they have greater control over the prices of supplies as well as the delivery.4.1.5 RivalryThe rivalry within the electronics industry comes in both categories. Locally, the main competition is between the small and large enterprises. Major companies in the electronics industry have stronger brand names and have greater capabilities of reaching the international market. This is a significant factor as brand names in digital products represent the overall quality of the item which consumers are after. Major companies also have more resources to promote the product through more expensive forms of media advertisement. Thus, smaller companies are directly affected. In the international level, the rivalry exists between the Hong Kong companies and the major AV equipment companies of other countries.5.0 EvaluationBased from the environmental and competitive analysis done for the electronics industry, the findings will then be eva luated. In this section, the possible developments of the industry for the next ten years will be considered. Factors that could affect this progress, both positively and negatively, will be cited.5.1 OptimisticBased on the analysis done, the Sony Company Limited is likely to succeed and progress in ten years time due to two important factors. One of these factors is the market of the industry. At the local level, the consumers are very much aware and exposed to highly technological gadgets such as the digital camera. In other foreign markets of the Malaysian industry, such trend is also evident. In ten years time, technology will continue to grow and premiss high-tech gadgets and products that people will patronize. Thus, the future development of digitalized products made by Sony Company Limited will be supported by the market due to their openness to technology. Moreover, this market patronage will naturally resolvent to regular profit generation and market growth.Another fact or that will contribute to the success of the Sony Company Limited ten years from now is the continuous rise and development of globalization and open trade. Through these aspects, Malaysia will have greater market access abroad, leading to better market and business outcomes. Furthermore, free port will allow the Sony Company Limited access to more modern technologies that can be useful for manufacturing and marketing digitalized products. This in turn will make the Sony Company Limited more competitive against foreign brands.5.2 PessimisticWhile there are great opportunities that the Sony Company Limited can use for future progress, genuine obstacles could hinder it from development. For instance, the use of technology is highly accessible to all potential business operators in the industry, increasing the problems on competition, less intelligible products and brands. In addition, technological gadgets like digital cameras lose value at a fast rate thus, it is likely that such innovations would lose their worth to the market, or worse, this product could be phased out totally form the industry and be replaced with better substitutes.Problems in the economy are also a challenge. Crisis in the economic aspect is omnipresent and awkward to predict hence, it is always a problem for all industries and business sectors. Due to these problems, prices for labor, land, production and other business activities could increase, making it difficult for the industry to succeed.5.3 PredictionBased on business outcomes in the past, the pessimistic scenario is the one that is likely to occur in the future. Old electronic products like mobile phones, cameras and computers for instance, had been easily replaced by digital ones due to fast-phased development in technology.At present, several companies in the electronics industry are still conducting researches in order to introduce new technologies that the market demands. In addition, economic crisis is a natural occurrenc e, though an unpredictable one. Thus, even without predicting when this will happen in the future, businesses attempt to overcome the effects of economic challenges by preparing themselves in advance.Although it is likely for the optimistic scenario to occur as well, businesses in this industry must focus themselves on overcoming the worst scenarios. By preparing in advance, the businesses can prevent further problems in the future as well as maintain the progress of the industry.6.0 RECOMMENDATIONSIn my opinion, this electronic industry is still able to make some improvements in order to achieve better profit margins or great success in future. Those improvements includes the following,1) DiversificationThis electronic industry (Sony Company Limited) can actually possible to concentrate more on electronic knows how in the non-consumer business and todays, this industry is very competitive as the competitors are able to copy the product in a very short time. Therefore, in order to c reate larger profit margins, Sony should focus more on the business sector and industries and also more advanced equipment as well as the parts. Besides, it would create the strongest advantage if the Research and Development (RD) department in this company able to cut down the price in technology adaptation to fit the demands of nowadays market.2) Cost CuttingSony Company Limited should take cost stark naked into consideration as it is the only way to improve the profit margins. Research and Development (RD) plays an important role in this as its part in success of this company and it cannot be cut even though it gobbles up to ten percent of the sales. The products in this company should be refined instead of reinvented in order to have less in set up cost and also helps in achieving the greater automation.3) Combination of Production, Design and MarketingThere are many ways of separating the designing and developing of a product from the production and marketing even though there is job rotation which the design stage back up by experience rather than research and analysis in nowadays market. Often, this kind of concept does not help much in amend the business as it does not meet the consumer needs. Todays, RD should focus more on the consumer needs and innovate based on the needs of the market and not creating new markets all the while. Besides, the designing team should make the product to fit the current production pattern and marketing aims as the designing team is the one who prudent to the profit and loss of certain product. Therefore, empowering these groups can create conflict but it does bring the efficient groups together in achieving the synergy.7.0 ConclusionIn spite of the spare success of the Sony Company Limited in Malaysia, certain factors in its environment can cause its possible failure in the years to come. Economic challenges, competition and varying consumer trends are just some of the external factors that the industry must overcome in order to ensure future progress. Although these matters may appear inevitable, certain actions could help the industry to succeed, locally and internationally. Continuous product enhancement and development for instance, can help in countering fast-paced technology. Conducting consumer studies on the other hand can facilitate the challenge on changing consumer behaviors. These actions in turn can help in combating business competition and globalization issues.8.0 ReferencesInternet References1. http//technu.nst.com.my/Current_News/techNu/Monday/CoverStory/20081102144739/Article/print_article2. http//logisticsviewpoints.com/2009/07/31/supplier-risk-management-and-the-automotive-supply-chain/BooksAguilar, Francis (2006), Scanning the Business Environment, New York Macmillan.2. Armstrong. M. (2006). A handbook of Human Resource Management Practice (10th ed.). London Kogan Page. ISBN 0-7494-4631-5.PIERCE, C. (2001), The Effective theatre director The Essential Guide to Director and Board Development, London Kogan Page.Cheverton, Peter. (2004), Key Marketing SkillsStrategies, Tools Techniques for Marketing Success, Kogan Page, Limited.Formisano, Roger. (2003), Managers Guide to Strategy. McGraw- heap TradeSIM337 Contemporary Developments in Business and Management, Version 5.0, University of Sunderland, United KingdomJones, G.R. George, J.M. (2003), Contemporary Management, McGraw Hill (Third edition)Worthington, I. and Britton, C. (2003), The Business Environment, FT Prentice Hall (4th Edition)Journal ArticlesGRUNDY, T. (2006) Rethinking and reinventing Michael Porters five forces model. Strategic Change. Vol 15, No 5, August. Pg 213-229.Prepared by Ting Wan Ping (Jenny)

The Feminization of Males of Animal and Human Variety through Excess Es

The feminisation of males of aquatic and mammalian species has been documented around the world. The purpose of this paper is to review how estrogen in the water supply is causing the feminization of males of animal and human variety. Natural and synthetic estrogens have been found in the water supply, most notably in the effluent water from waste give-and-take facilities. Experiments, tests and research on the effect of estrogen on mammalian and fish species has been do in the past with conclusive evidence of feminization among the experimental animals. The tests were done in both laboratory and natural settings and included different types of fish species and mammalian species because estrogen can affect a wide array of species. This feminization of males can prove to be detrimental to species survival because of a skewed sex ratio and decreased sperm capabilities. Through research and tests the extent of the effects of estrogens on a body can be seen and from these tests suita ble measures to reduce estrogen in the water supply can be made.IntroductionEstrogens are causing the feminization of males, especially invertebrates at an alarming rate. Estrogen is a group of steroid hormones that promote the development and maintenance of female characteristics of the body (The bounteous Dictionary 2011). Estrogen is found naturally in females, and males in low concentrations. Two naturally occurring estrogens are estradiol, usually referred to as E2 and estrone, referred to as E1 (Wright-Walters and Volz 2007). Not only when are natural estrogens affecting the water supply, but synthetic estrogens are also. Synthetic estrogen is a chemical compound created by chemical deductive reasoning and contains estrogenic activity, however natural estrogen and s... ...eminization. Journal of Applied Ichthyology. Cited 22 March 201123(1), 3-8. Available from doi10.1111/j.1439-0426.2006.00819.xTyler CR, Jobling S. 2008. Roach, Sex, and Gender-Bending Chemicals The Femin ization of Wild Fish in English Rivers. BioScience.Cited 22 March 2011 58(11), 1051-1059. Available from doi10.1641/B581108 Liney KE, Hagger JA, Tyler CR, Depledge MH, Galloway TS, Jobling S. 2006. wellness Effects In Fish of Long-Term Exposure to Effluents from Wastewater Treatment Works. Environmental Health Perspectives. Cited 22 March 2011 11481-89. Available from doi10.1289/ehp.8058Environmental Protection Agency. 2010. Downstream without hormones Can rabbit food solve an emerging environmental problem? Cited 22 November 2011 Available from Environmental Pollution http//www.epa.gov/ord/sciencematters/august2011/rabbitfood.htm

Burkina Faso :: History

Burkina FasoBurkina Faso is a small country located in Western Africa, north of Ghana, its get along land area is 274,200 sq km. The terrain is mostly flat to dissected, undulating plains hills in west and southeast. Some of its natural resources are manganese, limestone, marbleand small deposits of gold. The irrigated land in Burkina Faso is only a unadulterated 160 sq km. The population is 10,422,828 (July 1995 est.) of which 50% is under the age of 15. Burkina Faso is a country with a rapidly increasing population in relation to the growth of nutrient supply and other human necessities. The countries population is growing rapidly and the country is not able to adequately feed, shelter, and provide the basic human needs. The situation is not improving, it is getting worse with each year. The very near future could be disastrous for the people of Burkina Faso. The possible solutions in overcoming this problem are not handsome and all have their drawbacks, and moral issues. One option would be to try to increase the death rate, and at the same time lower the birth rate. other can be to try to raise the environmental limits so that food supply would adequate. Or the other option can be that we do nada and wait. These are just some options that I think are the most applicable to the case in which Burkina Faso is currently facing. Of all three the most benevolent solution to me is number one. That solution might be a little slower then other options but I believe it is the best procession for the country. The first option, to increase death place and lower the birth rates would be the best choice. This option would be best because of the situation that is in Burkina Faso. The mete out of HIV/AIDS has become an important issue in Burkina Faso, where the national statistics estimate that between 4 and 7 percent of the population is seropositive. While these rates are low in comparison to countries of East Africa, they place Burkina Faso second after Cote dIvoire among West African countries most affected by the epidemic. Burkina Fasos health problems take on a high prevalence of many endemic diseases, poor case management by the health system and a weak infrastructure, with health centres that are geographically or financially inaccessible to most of those they are meant to serve.