Society's Perception of Black Women Research Proposal

Society's Perception of Black Women - Research Proposal Example Many factors influence the way the society perceive the black women. Media, for instance, use images that portray black women as sex objects whose value based on their body appearance. These media portrayals are major contributors on the future of the black woman, the potential limitation of young adolescent opportunity to change the negative perception of appearance and sexuality as portrayed in the media. Most of the African American young girls are victims of perception created by such images. This research is currently relevant as Black women in the United States strive to end the negative attitudes in the society. This study seeks to assess the society’s perception of black women.Many factors influence the way the society perceive the black women. Media, for instance, use images that portray black women as sex objects whose value based on their body appearance. These media portrayals are major contributors on the future of the black woman, the potential limitation of youn g adolescent opportunity to change the negative perception of appearance and sexuality as portrayed in the media. Most of the African American young girls are victims of perception created by such images. This research is currently relevant as Black women in the United States strive to end the negative attitudes in the society. Â  The study will aim at determining society’s perception of black women. It will focus on the factors that contribute to the society’s perception of black women in the modern community setting in the United States.

Management seminar Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Management seminar - Essay Example Common issues such as linkages between appraisals and increases in salary act as key determinants of the best system for the hospital relative to its overall goals and objectives as a healthcare institution. As part of the conclusion, the Mater Hospital administrators lack the required organization to ensure sustainability of such a medical institution as depicted by the current appraisal system. Assertively, the appraisal systems are equally significant as the reward and retention systems that appear to carry more weight in human resource management and it would be interesting to learn how organizations can link these systems for advanced efficiency. Accordingly, concrete talent management programs form the foundation for talent attraction and retention; however, most corporations overlook the fact that the leadership and management are the core overseers of talent, but through the set programs. Relatively, the control of talent and retaining employees is essential to the development and triumph of any corporation; moreover, the talent initiatives should go hand in hand with engagement, evaluation and reward strategies, as part of organizational cultures (Allen 2010). However, most of the discussions under human resources aspects focus on attraction, reward and retention with only a few giving sub-standard attention to appraisal and evaluation systems that are equally significant. Assertively, the aim of the case analysis on Mater Hospital is identifying the application of the appraisal systems and the depth at which they influence a certain organization. The foundation of the discussion is the bungling appraisal system in the h ospital, with the analysis focusing on Donald Kirkpatrick’s Learning and Training Evaluation theory. The Mater Hospital has multiple staff members from healthcare professionals, caregivers and support employees under administrators and supervisors that ensure quality and compassion in all areas. As per the hospitals values and

HIV Pandemic Essay Example for Free

HIV Pandemic Essay We are entering the third decade of what may be the most devastating epidemic in human history: HIV/AIDS. The HIV/AIDS Pandemic is a large-scale epidemic affecting more than one country. AIDS was first clinically diagnosed in the early 1980s but retrospective diagnosis suggests it existed well before this date. AIDS is a syndrome, which develops from an impaired ability to fight diseases. It undermines the body’s defenses against viruses, infections and malignancies. Here, we describe the origins and evolution of these viruses, and the circumstances that led to the AIDS pandemic. Pandemic Assignment Since scientists identified the HIV as the cause of AIDS in 1983, it has spread insistently, causing one of the most harmful pandemics ever recorded in human history. However, concerted global efforts to fight the pandemic are making a significant difference. More than nine million people living with HIV in low and middle-income countries now have access to life-saving antiretroviral treatments. Overview Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) invades the body through the exchange of certain body fluids. The virus invades cells such as T helper cells and begins to replicate itself in the human body. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) of humans is caused by two lentiviruses, â€Å"HIV-1 and HIV-2; HIV-1 accounts for the majority of infections in the world, and has at least 10 genetic subtypes† (Lamptey, Wigley, Carr, Collymore, 2002). Both HIVs are the result of multiple cross-species transmissions of simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) naturally infecting African primates. However, as according to Sharp Hahn (2011), one transmission event, involving SIVcpz from chimpanzees in southeastern Cameroon, gave rise to HIV-1 group M—the principal cause of the AIDS pandemic† and noted that by â€Å"tracing the genetic changes that occurred as SIVs crossed from monkeys to apes and from apes to humans†. AIDS Pandemic and the Efforts to Stop HIV/AIDS According to Merson â€Å"on June 5, 1981, few suspected a pandemic of AIDS when the Centers for Disease Control reported five cases of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in young homosexual men in Los Angeles† (2006). Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) reported that all the men had other unusual infections as well, indicating that their immune systems were not working; two had already died by the time the report was published. In a timeline created by AIDS. com, â€Å"this edition of the MMWR marks the first official reporting of what will become known as the AIDS epidemic† (2014). Although â€Å"after pandemic HIV-1 first emerged in colonial west central Africa, it spread for some 50 to 70 years before it was recognized† (Sharp Hahn, 2011) because phylogenetic and statistical analyses have dated the last common ancestor of HIV-1 to around 1910 to 1930. For a while the American government completely ignored the emerging AIDS pandemic. The first attempt to treat HIV was in â€Å"September 1986, when early results from clinical trials involving AZT (zidovudine) – a drug that was first investigated as a cancer treatment – showed that it might slow the attack of HIV† (AVERT, 2013). Although AZT could slow progression to AIDS in HIV positive individuals with no symptoms, a year’s supply for each person would cost around seven-thousand dollars and many did not have adequate health insurance to cover the cost. In 1995, â€Å"FDA announced that the drug 3TC (lamivudine) had been approved for use in combination with AZT in treating AIDS and HIV† (AVERT, 2013) after a number of studies had shown that HIV could quickly become resistant to AZT and that the drug had no benefit for those in the early stages of the disease. On April 5th 1990 Ryan White, schoolboy who had become infected with HIV via a blood transfusion for his haemophilia, died. He was known for his fight to return to public school after he was banned due to fears of spreading of AIDS to other children. â€Å"Following Ryan’s death, the American government implemented a new programme named after him – the Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency (CARE) Act† (AVERT, 2013). Its aim was to improve the quality and availability of care for low-income, uninsured and underinsured individuals and families affected by HIV. In 2000, the government funded programs such as needle exchange services and abstinence-only education and in 2001 the Centers of Disease Control (CDC) set a goal to halve the number of people infected with HIV each year in the USA to 20,000 by the end of 2005 but by 2003 it was already clear that the CDC’s goal would be missed, the number of new infections had shown no sign of declining. In 2006, President Bush signed the reauthorisation of the Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program, â€Å"since its creation in 1990 the program had provided federal funding for thousands of Americans living with HIV/AIDS unable to pay for their treatment themselves† (AVERT, 2013). In 2007, raltegravir – was approved by the FDA which according to AVERT â€Å"Raltegravir was the first of a new class called integrase inhibitors† and â€Å"the significant progress in treatment proved to be particularly important to thousands of HIV positive Americans whose treatment had been failing due to drug resistance (2013). It was believed to provide extended years of meaningful survival to patients. In July 2010, â€Å"the USAs first HIV/AIDS Strategy was released† (The White House Office of National AIDS Policy, 2010) and reducing new HIV infections was included as one of the Strategys three core aims. According to AVERT (2013), â€Å"in order to reduce new infections without an increase in funding, the Strategy recommended that HIV prevention efforts be intensified in the communities where HIV is the most heavily concentrated†. MedlinePlus concluded that â€Å"there is no cure or vaccine to prevent HIV/AIDS, but early detection through HIV testing and treatment can frequently turn this fatal disease into a manageable chronic disease† (2009). The HIV-1 pandemic is a complex mix of diverse epidemics within and between countries and regions of the world. â€Å"AIDS remains the fourth leading cause of death in low-income countries† (International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, 2014). While there will never be a solution to HIV and AIDS, a preventive vaccine would do a great deal to curb the pandemic. But unfortunately, the problem with developing a vaccine is that the HIV genome mutates very quickly. Stowell (2006) explains that all organisms vary a little throughout the centuries. The HIV genome mutates around 1000 times more quickly than the human genome around 1000 times more mutations accumulate in a single year, relative to the length of the genome. Antiretroviral treatment has transformed AIDS from an inevitably fatal condition to a chronic, manageable disease in some settings.  Johannesburg (2010) cited The Lancet medical journal, which published a study that predicts that by 2031 – about 50 years into the HIV epidemic – annual new HIV infections will be roughly halved to about 1. 2 million.

Microsoft Surface Table: 3D Modelling and Touch Controls

Microsoft Surface Table: 3D Modelling and Touch Controls Background and Context Three Dimensional (3D) Modelling is the process of creating a 3D representation of any surface or object by manipulating polygons, edges, and vertices, in simulated 3D space ­1. 3D modelling is used in many different industries, including virtual reality, video games, TV and motion pictures. 2A 3D modelling software generates a model through a variety of tools and approaches including: Simple polygons. 3D primitives simple polygon-based shapes, such as pyramids, cubes, spheres, cylinders, and cones 3Spline curves a curve that connects two or more defined specific control points. 3NURBS (non-uniform rational b-spline) Computationally complex, smooth shapes designed by bezel curves. Scope and Objectives In this project, the 3D model produced, was the 5G Innovation Centre at the University of Surrey. The final version of the prototype is supposed to be a model of the whole University campus, which would be able to display the temperature, noise levels, and a few other statistics in every single area on the map. In order to record data, an IoT Desk Egg4 was created. This Desk Egg is a multi-sensor suite with feedback mechanisms and wireless communication capabilities. Using this Desk Egg, environmental data, such as light, sound, temperature, noise, humidity, dust density are measured and recorded. Separately, these recordings have limited value, but when combined, and analysed in aggregate, the sensors provide a rich context of its immediate surroundings. 5The objective of this project is to enhance the model with touch navigation capabilities, similar to 3D navigation on a mobile phone or tablet. The current model is constructed for a Samsung SUR40 touch table, running Microsoft Surface. The model has been implemented using PixelSense and in addition, Microsoft Surface Game Studio 4.0 and the Window Presentation Foundation (WPF). To go about enhancing the model, investigations would have to be established, on what changes would be involved to implement touch navigation, before implementation and testing of the aforementioned varieties. Introduction[SO1] Microsoft PixelSense 6Microsoft PixelSense orientation capabilities are used and seamlessly integrated into the application, which also supports multiple simultaneous touch points. The Samsung SUR40 can only run Windows 7, as the Surface SDKs are only fully supported on Windows 7 and not any newer Operating System. Window Presentation Foundation To initiate an application for any Microsoft Surface devices, especially for the PixelSense, the Microsoft Surface Game Studio 4.0 and Window Presentation Foundation (WPF) are required. Rowe (2012) shows a few points that can assist a developer to innovate and create a great application for the Samsung SUR40 Surface Table.7 Implement a darker background as it does better with quality during contact. Multiple screen interactions, in which, the users finger and objects, can be detected. Actions only must be interacted by the users fingers to avoid detection errors, and adding sound effects, acknowledging the users finger interaction, should be done. Ensuring the user immerses into an outstanding experience from the application. Since the PixelSense has 4 corners, it will be more convenient for users to be able to turn the orientation of the application, while offering an easy means of leaving the application. The points of interaction with the application, should be well sized and well-spaced, to prevent manipulation errors during input. Working with Touch Input To implement the 3D touch controls, a key prerequisite for the project is the availability of touch control capability. Using the System Information app, which could be launched from the Run dialog box, with the syntax msinfo32.exe. As seen from the image below, the Samsung SUR40 Surface Table, has 52 individual touch points. This confirms that the table supports the touch interaction and the touch framework is ready to use. Fig 1. The Run dialog, with the corresponding syntax, used to launch the system information window. Fig2. A System Properties window, showing the details on the touch capability. The initial edition of the 3D modelling software has sub-par touch navigation controls, but it makes up in the availability of buttons which are mapped to specific viewing points of the model. Having these buttons provides a way of navigating through, but lack the fluidity of the touch input system you would get from any other 3D modelling software. Fig 3. An image showing the initial edition of the source code, with buttons. Development Environment In order to be able to work on this project, a few software programs have to be installed. These software programs are specifically required to create an application for a Microsoft PixelSense device. These include: Windows 7 Microsoft Visual Studio 2015 Microsoft XNA Framework Redistributable 4.0 Refresh Microsoft XNA Game Studio Platform Tools Microsoft Surface 2.0 SDK Microsoft Surface 2.0 Runtime GitEXT Windows 7 Windows 7 is the latest operating system that the Surface SDK supports, hence, all the programming done, had to be on a PC running Windows 7. Running these programs on a Windows 10 PC, gives an unfixable error. A Windows 7 license had to be purchased. Microsoft DreamSpark provides a free license to the University of Surrey students. Using the downloaded ISO file, a USB boot key was made, using DiskPart, so as to dual boot Windows 7 on the laptop used. Using DiskPart, empties the flash drive of all its contents, its advisable to use an empty drive, or back up its contents. Fig 4. The error shown when the program is being opened on a Windows 10 PC. Fig 5. Image showing the free purchase of a Windows 7 Operating System, using DreamSpark. DiskPart is the Windows built in disk management program, using CMD to call it, the following syntaxes will create a custom USB key for any appropriately sized flash drive: List disk This lists out all the disk drives connected to the system, and their sizes, with disk numbers Disk ###, for easier disk reference. After finding your particular disk, use select disk x, x being the respective number of your disk. This basically tells the program you plan on working on this disk. Clean This clears your drive of previous configurations and empties it. Create partition primary This creates a primary partition on the cleaned drive. Select partition 1 This selects the recently created partition. Active this sets the selected partition as an active partition. Format fs=fat32 This syntax formats the flash drive to a requested file system. In this example, the file system being FAT32, the legacy file system recognizable by most BIOS (Basic Input Output System) firmware. Fig 5. The image shows the procedure for creating a USB Key, Disk 2. Visual Studio 2015 Microsoft Visual Studio 2015 is now a free software, but for the Enterprise version, a key is needed, but as a University of Surrey student, one is provided free of charge, under the DreamSpark account. Fig 6. Image shows free purchase of Visual Studio Enterprise, using DreamSpark. Microsoft XNA Framework and Microsoft Surface SDK A Microsoft Surface SDK installer was downloaded and installed, as an extension, for the Visual Studio 15 suite. This enables Visual Studio to compile on the Microsoft Surface XNA Game Studio framework. The installer sets up two important frameworks, which are the Microsoft Surface WPF and Microsoft Surface XNA Game Studio 4.0. These frameworks are applied to help developers with the creation of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) applications respectively. A successful install will show something like this, when creating a new project in Visual Studio. Fig 7. The image shows a properly installed XNA Game Studio Framework. GitEXT GitEXT is an extension for windows, that helps manage a git repository. The programs source code had to be worked on alongside a few colleagues, as they had other objectives in terms of updating the 3D Modelling software. Using a git repository, helps with management of different modifications and changes between different editors of the same source code. Fig 8. The image shows an installed git extension for version management. Camera Movement Running a camera location around an object is a concept of projecting different views from different positions for audiences. It is an essential task for the developer to implement this concept in the application. In order to implement, a series of matrix calculations are required to move the camera from its current position to a desired place and display the object with high quality and performance. The current camera, as stated earlier, seen in Fig 3, has a fixed position, and does not move around the model, rather, there are fixed points in camera can be. These points are controlled by the arrow buttons. To fix this problem the touch framework has to be implemented. Touch Gesture The touch functionality of the program depended on raw input, and only moved the model round a fixed point. The method of implementation made navigation with the touch screen, somewhat ineffective. The XNA framework installed, comes with a touch input namespace namely Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Input.Touch. After extensive research on this library namespace, using this namespace made implementing a new gesture-based, touch framework for the code straightforward. The namespace provides support for gestures like tapping, double tapping, horizontal drag, and a few others. Development After researching various libraries and namespaces for a substantial understanding of the initial source code, coding began. During initial coding, it was discovered that the method of navigating the model, was rotating the camera round a fixed object, as it gives the same illusion as the model moving round its axes, as opposed to the manipulation of the model itself in front of an immovable camera. Using this logic, the touch code had to manipulate the cameras movement and not the movement of the model. While implementing the touch framework, a few redundancies were removed, such as the buttons used in moving the camera and a few others, to provide for a more immersive experience when using the 3D model. Fig 9. The image shows the 3D model with redundancies removed.

Platos Symposium Essay -- Socrates Love Symposium Essays Plato

Plato's Symposium   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What is the meaning of love? What does love feel like? How does love come about? No one can truly explain it, yet somehow it's understood. In Plato's Symposium, a dinner party was held with the discussion of love as the main topic. Everyone was required to make a speech, an ode to Love, the spirit. The philosopher, Socrates gave his speech last, claiming that his speech was merely a repetition of what a wise woman named Diotima once told him. The speech was a powerful one, but before the night was over, a drunk Alcibiades entered. He was asked to make a eulogy for Love as well, but instead, talked about the nature of Socrates. The nature of Love and the nature of Socrates turned out to be extremely similar. In the Symposium, Socrates can be seen as the embodiment of Love itself.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The notion of love that was understood at the end of the Symposium came about gradually. It transformed from speaker to speaker over the course of the party, and could be compared to the whole process of understanding love that Socrates tried to explain in his own speech.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Its complexity was attained by taking small steps in a larger direction. Diotima explained to Socrates, that to attain the deepest love, he had to follow a certain order.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Much like stepping up on the "rungs in a ladder"(211c), love's nature started small, with Phaedrus and Pausinas merely stating that there was good love and bad love. This was the first step, starting with "beautiful things"(211c) and making those things "reason for... ascent"(211c) up the proverbial ladder. Next Eryximachus' speech compared love's importance to that of medicine's. He used the "things of this world as rungs in a ladder"(211c). Aristophanes then gives love a comedic approach, breaking up the adulation. Agathon was next, and his speech showed how love affected people's minds. It created great poets, and spawned the practices of "hedonism, luxury, and sensualism"(197d). Agathon was last before Socrates, and the closest to Socrates' view. He was at the final steps of the deepest love, seeing the "beauty of people's activities"(211c) and of "intellectual endeavors"(211c).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Love, the spirit, was said to be the son of "Plenty and Poverty"(203c). One parent a polar opposite of the other, coming together to form the middle path named Love. The spirit Love was full of self-conflic... ...lings were not a eulogy for Love, they were personal opinions of his experiences with Socrates, and bluntly stated it. Although it must be taken into consideration that he was characterized as drunk while giving his speech, he reminded the party that the "truth comes from wine"(217e). Essentially, reassuring the reader that he is not in a condition to be making up lies. His description of Socrates' nature was similar to that of Socrates' own description of love's nature. However, Alcibiades was not at the party when Socrates made his speech, so there was no way could have used it to fashion a similar story of his own.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Socrates was regarded as the wisest man at the party. He could have given a "second-rate report"(215d) on love, as Alcibiades would have said, and "woman, man, or child"(215d) would have been "overwhelmed and spellbound"(215d). It was the effect Socrates had on people. Perhaps he was the embodiment of love? Even if his speech was fictional, he held a captivated audience of men who would have reveled in the chance to "lay"(219b) with the Socrates. Works Cited: Plato, and Robin Waterfield, trans. Symposium. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.

Essay --

Postpartum depression affects 8-15% of mothers within a few days or weeks after giving birth. Some mothers experience a mild form of this disorder, while others experience a more rare and intense version. This intensified postpartum depression is known as postpartum psychosis. According to the Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and Law, Nau, McNiel, and Binder (2012) express â€Å"Postpartum psychosis occurs in 1-2 of 1,000 births and frequently requires hospitalization to stabilize symptoms.† These symptoms include: Hallucinations, restlessness, disturbed sleep, insomnia, drastic mood or behavior change, delusional thinking, thoughts of suicide or death, and extreme depression. In The Journal of Women's Health, Sit, Rothschild, and Wisner described postpartum psychosis as â€Å"an overt presentation of bipolar disorder that is timed to coincide with tremendous hormonal shifts after delivery†. Approximately 72%-88% of mothers who experience postpartum ps ychosis (PP) have bipolar illness, schizo-affective disorder or a family history of either which is why PP is classified as a psychotic disorder by the APAA. Many women who are affected by postpartum psychosis are too afraid or embarrassed to come forward and claim the disorder. This is dangerous for both mother and child(ren) as the disorder has a 5% suicide rate and a 4% infanticide rate. Even if there is no physical harm done to the child there may be emotional harm. The behaviors that are exhibited by the mother to the child may â€Å"interfere with the children's emerging cognitive skills...†(Sohr-Preston & Scaramella, 2006). It has been theorized both before and after birth the mothers' health, physical and emotional, may affect the child's cognitive skills later in li... ...omeone do this to their child?†. There have been many similar cases where the mother was found not guilty, so why was Yates found guilty? The answer may come from the website Andrea Yates: Ill or Evil? â€Å"In America, there are no clear standards in court for dealing with mentally ill mothers—not even in the same city.† This is a sad, but true statement. People tend to use their own morals and experiences as how they perceive things. Of course what Andrea Yates did was wrong, but she was also seriously ill. Postpartum psychosis is an extremely scary and dangerous disorder. PP is treatable, however there are no guidelines for treatment at this time. Most patients have been treated using a combination of pharmaceuticals and psychotherapy. Even though treatment options are still being evaluated, the sooner any treatment starts the better off mother and child are.

Employee Portal System

INTRODUCTION The changes and improvement of technology in the community is not unfamiliar to us. Every day there is an innovation of advance technology to improve the performance of work and lifestyle of the humanity. It is most beneficial for companies with large amounts of clients and employees using their services or products. One of these is a City hall that caters service to their clients.The proposed study aims to design and develop a web based employee portal for the city hall of Paranaque which is a public sector of the government that deals with the city ordinance, city facilities, city government, and city projects this public sector helps the people by providing their needs such as jobs, health, education and peace and order of the city. Purpose and Description The chosen client for the proposed project is the Municipal of Paranaque which is located at San Antonio Ave, Paranaque City.It is an Establishment in 1888 that started operating because of the people who needs serv ices from the government. Also for the city ordinance, city facilities, city government and city projects this public sector helps the people by provides the needs such as jobs, health, education, peace and order of the city. Even though Paranaque City hall is a building housing of the administrative offices of a municipal government, its officials considered as a group.Since the city hall was established, it still has manual processes of gathering information of every employee that consume time instead of using it to a more productive work. Based on the interviews conducted by the group with the City hall of Paranaque, the process of gathering and updating information of employee consumed more time due to the manual process of storing information. The estimated beneficiaries of the employee portal is about 5. 000 to 10,000 The Employee portal of Paranaque city hall was Web Based employee portal.The system doesn’t only helped the said city hall manage the records of each conc erned personnel related to them but could also help them improve the quality of service they are currently giving for the employee’s. Anyone who has applied for viewing records knows the frustration of form-filling – and waiting as the hard copy travels up and down the approval hierarchy. This Employee portal with its powerful features cuts out the physical movements and enables HR to have a bird’s eye view of the employee situation and status in the company.The group has decided to choice this topic to help our client to save time in looking for their employee’s record. Maintaining the services that provide by the employees of the city hall of Paranaque should come up with the used of the modern technology by the access through internet that will give the people fulfilment when it comes in their satisfaction provided by the employee portal and when it comes in the services provided by the city hall of Paranaque for their employee. Project contextSince th e Paranaque city hall has a manual process and slow the entire organization down data being rearranged and kept by hand the time allotted of the other task will be used in manipulating the data particularly when making some changes and error is encountered the longer the time will be consume the greater amount of effort will be lost during the process of looking the information that needed. With the information that the proponents have gathered upon doing researches, studies and interviews with the client representative, the idea of automating the old process of the city hall have been discussed.The proposed Web Based Employee Portal for the said city hall is greatly necessary to lessen heavy works in compiling large number of files of all the clients and other staffs in the city hall. The system doesn’t only focused in dealing with the employees’ information alone but it also caters the management of other staffs that could be related in creating an employee account. Basically, even if the system is web based, only authorized personnel of the city hall will be allowed to access it, but this doesn’t limit its use to the employees and other individuals concerning the city hall’s transactions.Objectives The general objective of this study is to develop an Employee Portal for Paranaque City Hall that will give them hassle free transaction. The reason for writing this report is to analyse the existing system of Municipal of Paranaque which is the Employee portal. The group’s objective is to be familiarized to the concepts and principles use to develop the system and does the system help to improve the quality service of each employee’s. The group wants to know the process on how the system works/function.The group wants to learn the benefits of the system and also its disadvantage. Specific Objectives a. To design an Employee Portal for Paranaque City Hall using GUI features. b. To provide user account for all system entit y. c. To provide employee’s attendance with their available leave. d. To provide health reports of the employees such as health issues and previous health record. e. To provide the salary of the employees with/without overtime. f. To create a Login/Logout module for the Administrator and the employees. g. To gather records of the employees in fast and easy way.Scope and limitation The study will focus on the development of the employee’s portal of city hall of Paranaque this will include the employee’s information where they can view and update their information or background, health records to trace their health status, employee’s attendance to view the number of absences and employee’s status, salary for the month with or without the overtime pay, available leave for the whole annual year the employee must create their account to get access to the system to avail the system features.Some features of the system are viewing the available leave, mon itoring of tardiness or absences of the employee, viewing the salary for the month and checking up their health issue. The system will be accessible and available through the use of internet the coverage of the study is entire record keeping of the employee’s information however errors may encounter on the process of making accounts for every employee due to some of the employee may not be computer literate or don’t have internet access specially to the older employee in the city hall of Paranaque. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATUREThis chapter discusses the main points of other written works and reports on research that were deemed as essential to this study due to their association to one another. Moreover, these related literature and studies were able to aid the researchers of this study to progress in developing the system with various existing systems. RELATED LITERATURE The proposed system concentrates on the development of an employee portal of city hall of Paranaque . In the book entitled International Encyclopaedia of Business and Management, it was noted that different systems are used these days to manage and complete transaction necessary.This goes beyond the very definition of electronic commerce that generally refers to the use of tools related to telecommunication. As more and more people are becoming used to the innovation of technology, there is a growing demand to secured use of the internet. According to the Internet System Handbook (Lynch & Rose, 2005), the realms of the internet stretches to every continent, the exact size of the cyber world can only be approximated. All the same, its growth is very dependent to the needs of the online community. The InternetThe internet generally consists of various routes of connections which accommodate delivery of information. Even if the closest path or way is out, the travel of the information to it destination still pushes through provided that there are alternative routes. Users who have th e connection may be affected by the bandwidth and the power of the server. The World Wide Web The World Wide Web consists of many web pages. Data is the core element of these web pages. This includes text data, interactive data, and the likes, which are only available for the viewing of the surfers.Web programming works hand in hand with the essentials of the World Wide Web as this is the foundation of the practice of researchers. Using PHP Programming Language PHP is typically defined as pre-processor due to the fact that the server calls the software installed in the server when opening the page. The installed PHP software operated by means of interpreting the scripting and nothing else. Consequently, all other processes are ignored to give way to the execution of the PHP processes. Scripts written in PHP can be edited and uploaded in a convenient manner. Regular text tools such as Notepad can be used to write PHP scripting.A file that will be executed as PHP scripting must have a n extension name of â€Å"php†. Using MySQL There are three different ways by which MySQL database system can be accessed. First is the local accessing which necessitates the programmer to utilize particular packages equipped towards tendering a complete and functioning system. The second way is through the use of the MySQL command line software that can be opened over the internet. The last means if through a running web interface. PhpMyAdmin As a set of PHP scripts, PHPMyAdmin works by providing access to MySQL database through installation and via web pages.A number of facilities will then utilize to have this kind of application operate. These include modules for logging in, maintenance, query, and testing of database. Content Management System A content management system is a kind of system that generally organizes contents that can be placed in the web pages. Likewise, it provides a collection of procedures that are used to supervise the work flow in a collaborative env ironment. By organization, it pertains to the addition, deletion, and editing or modification of contents published in web pages. There are different content management systems that can be found over the internet these days.One of the most popular examples is the one used in web logs or simply called blogs. Content management systems are typical for blogging platforms such as Blogger, Word Press and Live Journal. Foreign Literature A  web portal  is a  website  that brings information together from diverse sources in a uniform way. Usually, each information source gets its dedicated area on the page for displaying information (a  portlet); often, the user can configure which ones to display. Apart from the standard  search engines  feature, web portals offer other services such as  e-mail, news, stock prices, information, databases and entertainment.Portals provide a way for enterprises to provide a consistent  look and feel  with access control and procedures fo r multiple applications and databases, which otherwise would have been different entities altogether. What is a portal? â€Å"Portal† has been the buzzword of the networked age since 1997. Portals were so popular in business-to-business (B2B) and business-to-consumers (B2C) applications that the business world borrowed an old jingle: â€Å"I'm a portal, he's a portal, she's a portal, we're a portal, wouldn't you like to be a portal, too? † Portal derives from the medieval Latin word portale, meaning â€Å"city gate. American Heritage Dictionary defines a portal as â€Å"a doorway or an entrance, or a gate, especially one that is large and imposing. † New definitions for portals in the networked environment can be found on many Web sites. A synthesis of these new definitions is as follows: a Web portal is a doorway that can be customized by individual users to automatically filter information from the Web. It typically offers a search engine and links to useful pages, such as news, weather, travel, and stock quotes. A portal can also be defined as a customizable Web search engine to reflect the MY trend in current Web development.The platform for a portal Web site is a search engine, but a portal is different from a general search engine in that it can be customized by individuals for automatic, constant search for specific information, and it can deliver the results to individuals in a predefined way. A customizable search engine is unique to the user; it is different from anyone else's. References (1. ) Jian-zhong Zhou, â€Å"The Evolution of Journals and Early Scholarly Publications from Ancient China to the Twentyfirst Century,† Journal of Information, Communication, and Library Science 7, no. 3 (Mar. 2001): 1-11. 2. ) Hadley Reynolds and Tom Koulopoulos, â€Å"Enterprise Knowledge Has a Face,† Intelligent Enterprise 2, no. 5 (Man 30, 1999): 28. Local Literature WikiPilipinas is an online, free content encyclopedia on the Philippines. WikiPilipinas features encyclopedic articles covering its 12 Main Portals, namely; Government and Politics, Philippine History, Media and Entertainment, Culture and Arts, People and Society, Business and Economy, Geography and Travel, Philippine Communities, Religion and Beliefs, Science and Technology, and Sports and Leisure. In addition, the encyclopedia also as portals on special topics such as Philippine Music, Native Cuisine, Traditional Filipino Games, and many more. The name WikiPilipinas is a portmanteau of the words wiki (a type of collaborative website) and Pilipinas, the Filipino term for Philippines. The project was conceptualized in February 2007 by the editors of Filipiniana. net. Together, Filipiniana. net and WikiPilipinas. org aim to become the two primary portals to Philippine knowledge. WikiPilipinas is an ongoing project written collaboratively by volunteers around the world in an effort to build the largest Philippine knowledgebase.With few excepti ons, the contents of WikiPilipinas can be edited at any time, by anyone with access to the Internet, but contributions should be guided by the policies and guidelines that WikiPilipinas editors have identified. WikiPilipinas is building the Philippine Websites portal to provide a comprehensive scope of knowledge on Philippine Websites. Our pool of editors are presenting this content outline as we build the best of what WikiPilipinas can offer for the Filipino people. The major topics divided into several categories provide the organizational framework for this Philippine Websites portal.The outline and its contents will also showcase the collaborative efforts that we can start within WikiPilipinas. This content outline will undergo a thorough review process to ensure that it meets the highest standards that WikiPilipinas upholds. http://en. wikipilipinas. org/index. php? title=Portal:Philippine_Websites METHODOLOGY We conduct a survey for our system implementation of organization po rtal system and we came up developing the system for the city hall of Paranaque due to lack of systematically process of employee’s background checking and checking of available leave, the total salary for the month, and health reports.This section presents the requirements specification, analysis, project design which includes the context diagram, data flow diagram and the system flow chart, the software development tool and the software testing. Requirements Specification Conceptual framework is used to give the readers visualization and some understanding of how the proposed system works and will develop. With the aid of this diagram, readers would find it easy to understand the existing and the proposed software. It describes what the software will do and how it will be expected to perform. Fishbone Diagram Shows the requirements to develop a Employee Portal.One requirement is that the design must be extensible, consistent and have a good concept and standard techniques. The researchers must have the determination and dedication to finish a good project, effort, Cooperation, Time Management and must have knowledge in programming. Another is the client will help the researchers in developing the system by discussing the current system of the company by giving their business rules, Analysis and company information. And in order to finish the project, the researchers must have a good project management by having develop the schedule and estimate time and cost for activities.The Materials needed of the system consists of a computer, browser. The hardware component of the system consists of a computer and Web server. These two components are needed together with the system applications to meet the required specifications. In order to maximize the performance of the system, it is recommended to at least exceed the minimum requirements. Materials: Computer System: a. ) Monitor b. ) Mouse c. ) Keyboard d. ) CPU e. ) Database of the system The Employee porta l of Paranaque city hall was developed under the following specifications: Operating System: Windows Vista, Windows XP, Windows 7Processor: Intel Pentium Memory: 2 GB Video card: 1 GB On the basis of foregoing concepts, findings and theories, here is an insight of conceptual model shown below. Employee Portal of Paranaque City hall 1. Analysis a. System Requirements b. System Definitions 2. Design a. Data Flow Diagram b. Design for the system 3. Development a. Program Coding b. Database validation c. System test and improvement 1. Knowledge Requirements a. PHP web programming b. Reservation System and Database 2. Software Requirements a. OS (Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, etc. ) b. My SQL database c. XAMPP Control Panel . Internet Browser – INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT Analysis Operational Feasibility Since the process of gathering information of the employee we proposed this employee portal system for Paranaque city hall to lessen the cost of time or delaying the pressures fo r the employee. They can check and update their information through the use of the internet and the website we provide to check their salary for the month with or without the overtime pay, available leave, health issue and attendance report. Technical FeasibilityAs our research go further we learn that the city hall of Paranaque have already developed their system, the difference between their system and our proposed system is that the website is dynamic and we include Database, CCS/JavaScript, PHP, HTML, My SQL and it is more accessible, available, reliable, user friendly and visible for every employee We create the system using the My SQL, CSS/ JavaScript for the inscription of the website for the city hall of Paranaque, PHP for developing the accessibility and availability of the website through the use of internet and Database for gathering and updating the information of each employee Schedule feasibility Economic feasibility Design In order to carry out the objectives of the s tudy in regards to the development of the system. A system design is conceptualized with respect to the features and functionalities of the said system. Context Diagram of Employee portal Development & TestingThe system can be developed for a variety of purposes, one is to meet specific needs of a specific client/business, and it includes sets of tasks and deliverables needed to develop the system. The proponents used the scrum wherein it follows the project from the concept made by the group, by creating product backlog, sprint backlog. Scrum The scrum model includes the following stages: product backlog, and sprint backlog. In which the product backlog is a prioritized list of what is required for the project while the sprint backlog is the list of tasks that committing that they will complete in the current sprint. Product backlog Product Backlog is the core list of all functionality desired in the product to be done.It includes functional requirements and non-functional requirem ents. It utilizes the simplest and the most effective way for prioritizing a simple list. The product actually makes decisions about features priorities. Items with the highest priority are completed first. Items may be deleted or added at any time during the project. Sprint backlog The sprint backlog is a simple list of the tasks that must executed by the team in order to turn a selected set of product backlog items into a deliverable increment of functionality. Software Testing The used of positive and negative testing of the system will have to go through different tests to determine the system functionality and reliability.It is essential to test the system for the proponents not to miss any error of the software. Alpha testing The Alpha testing used for white box and black box testing techniques, the focus is on simulating real users by using these techniques and carrying out tasks and operations that a typical user might perform. Once these techniques have been satisfactory co mpleted, the Alpha testing is considered to be completed. White box testing White box testing is a method of tests structures or working of an application with the knowledge of the internal working of the code base. * Control Structure Testing – The control structure testing has three types of techniques: a. Condition testing – test the logical conditions contained in a procedural specification. b. ) Looping Testing – is a method that focuses exclusively on the validity of iterative constructs or repetition. c. ) Data Flow Testing – method selects test paths of a program according to the locations of the definitions and uses of variables in the program. Black box testing Black box testing is a software testing techniques in which functionality of the system is under tested without looking at the internal code structure. Beta Testing Beta testing can be considered a form of external user acceptance testing. The system is released to groups of people so tha t further testing can ensure the product has error or bugs.